Showing posts from 2023

Structural Geology

Structural geology is the systematic study of the deformed rocks which constitute the planet Earth’s upper layers of geological materials. Thus, it …

Lower Mantle

The lower mantle is one of the five geological layers of Earth . It is different from the other geological layers of the Earth, being the site of mo…

Upper Mantle

The upper mantle of the planet Earth is the geological layer which is located right below the crust. It is not made up of solid materials but it is …

Hydrothermal Circulation

Hydrothermal circulation is the circulation of hot water underneath the earth. It is located most often in the vicinity of sources of heat within th…

Origin of The Andes

The origin of the Andes Mountains Range goes back to 50 million years ago, to the Tertiary period of the Cenozoic Era. This long chain of massive ge…

Geographical Features

Geographical features are all those natural formations of the planet Earth’s surface which form the landscapes of a country. All these formations, w…

Types of Deformation

There are two types of deformation in the lithosphere, according to the morphology of the Earth’s continents. They are orogeny and epeirogeny . The…

CO2 Levels in Geologic History

The charts of CO2 levels in geologic history show you clearly that today’s carbon dioxide levels are some of the lowest, with 400 ppm (parts per mil…

Jura Mountains

The Jura Mountains are a chain of geological elevations, whose highest peak reaches 1,723 m (5654 ft). They run from northeast to southwest for abou…

Pacific Ring of Fire

The Pacific ring of fire is the geological boundary line which surrounds the Pacific tectonic plate. Its the limit is where it meets other plates, o…

South Africa Topography

South Africa topography basically consists of a broad central plateau, which is surrounded by a series of escarpments on its west, south, and east s…

Continental and Oceanic Crust

The continental and oceanic crust constitute the external surface of our planet. They are the outermost layer of the Earth as they are parts of the …

Tectonic Plates

The tectonic plates are rigid blocks of lithosphere which drift over the surface of the Earth. They move in different directions, separating from on…

Ocean Currents

Ocean currents are moving masses of sea water, which flows in all oceans, determining the weather patterns in coastal regions. Each one of them have…

Orinoco River

The Orinoco River is the longest and most important river of Venezuela. It is 1,550-mile (2,500 km) long. It rises on the western slopes of the Pari…

Appalachian Mountains Orogeny

The Appalachian mountains orogeny dates back to the beginning of the Paleozoic era, about 530 million years ago. Today, these mountains are only a f…

Geological Faults

Geological faults are breaks in the Earth’s crust. They can be caused by tension, compression or shearing forces, which the outermost layer of the p…

What Influences Climate?

What influences climate ? It is a question that many people ask. Well, the weather patterns of the different regions of the Earth are influenced by s…

Earth Geological Layers

The Earth geological layers were formed slowly over hundreds of millions of years. This planet is five billion years old. At the beginning, it was a…

Tectonism in Geology

Tectonism in geology is the science which deals with the constant movements of Earth's top structural layer, which is called lithosphere. Earth’…

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