Structural geology is the systematic study of the deformed rocks which constitute the planet Earth’s upper layers of geological materials. ...
Structural Geology
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Lower Mantle
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The lower mantle is one of the five geological layers of Earth . It is different from the other geological layers of the Earth, being the s...
Upper Mantle
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The upper mantle of the planet Earth is the geological layer which is located right below the crust. It is not made up of solid materials b...
Hydrothermal Circulation
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Hydrothermal circulation is the circulation of hot water underneath the earth. It is located most often in the vicinity of sources of heat ...
Origin of The Andes
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The origin of the Andes Mountains Range goes back to 50 million years ago, to the Tertiary period of the Cenozoic Era. This long chain of m...
Geographical Features
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Geographical features are all those natural formations of the planet Earth’s surface which form the landscapes of a country. All these form...
Types of Deformation
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There are two types of deformation in the lithosphere, according to the morphology of the Earth’s continents. They are orogeny and epeirog...
CO2 Levels in Geologic History
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The charts of CO2 levels in geologic history show you clearly that today’s carbon dioxide levels are some of the lowest, with 400 ppm (part...
Jura Mountains
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The Jura Mountains are a chain of geological elevations, whose highest peak reaches 1,723 m (5654 ft). They run from northeast to southwest...
Pacific Ring of Fire
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The Pacific ring of fire is the geological boundary line which surrounds the Pacific tectonic plate. Its the limit is where it meets other ...
South Africa Topography
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South Africa topography basically consists of a broad central plateau, which is surrounded by a series of escarpments on its west, south, a...
Continental and Oceanic Crust
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The continental and oceanic crust constitute the external surface of our planet. They are the outermost layer of the Earth as they are part...
Tectonic Plates
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The tectonic plates are rigid blocks of lithosphere which drift over the surface of the Earth. They move in different directions, separatin...
Ocean Currents
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Ocean currents are moving masses of sea water, which flows in all oceans, determining the weather patterns in coastal regions. Each one of ...
Orinoco River
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The Orinoco River is the longest and most important river of Venezuela. It is 1,550-mile (2,500 km) long. It rises on the western slopes of...
Appalachian Mountains Orogeny
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The Appalachian mountains orogeny dates back to the beginning of the Paleozoic era, about 530 million years ago. Today, these mountains are...
Geological Faults
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Geological faults are breaks in the Earth’s crust. They can be caused by tension, compression or shearing forces, which the outermost layer...
What Influences Climate?
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What influences climate ? It is a question that many people ask. Well, the weather patterns of the different regions of the Earth are influe...
Earth Geological Layers
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The Earth geological layers were formed slowly over hundreds of millions of years. This planet is five billion years old. At the beginning,...
Tectonism in Geology
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Tectonism in geology is the science which deals with the constant movements of Earth's top structural layer, which is called lithospher...
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